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Research article:
Optimising Use of Electronic Health Records to Describe the Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Care: A Strategy for Developing Code Lists
Reference:
Amanda Nicholson, Elizabeth Ford, Kevin A. Davies, Helen E. Smith, Greta Rait, A. Rosemary Tate, Irene Petersen, Jackie Cassell(2013) Optimising Use of Electronic Health Records to Describe the Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Care: A Strategy for Developing Code Lists. PLoS ONE, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054878
- Link to fulltext article
- Abstract
- Background Research using electronic health records (EHRs) relies heavily on coded clinical data. Due to variation in coding practices, it can be difficult to aggregate the codes for a condition in order to define cases. This paper describes a methodology to develop ‘indicator markers’ found in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA); these are a broader range of codes which may allow a probabilistic case definition to use in cases where no diagnostic code is yet recorded. Methods We examined EHRs of 5,843 patients in the General Practice Research Database, aged ≥30y, with a first coded diagnosis of RA between 2005 and 2008. Lists of indicator markers for RA were developed initially by panels of clinicians drawing up code-lists and then modified based on scrutiny of available data. The prevalence of indicator markers, and their temporal relationship to RA codes, was examined in patients from 3y before to 14d after recorded RA diagnosis. Findings Indicator markers were common throughout EHRs of RA patients, with 83.5% having 2 or more markers. 34% of patients received a disease-specific prescription before RA was coded; 42% had a referral to rheumatology, and 63% had a test for rheumatoid factor. 65% had at least one joint symptom or sign recorded and in 44% this was at least 6-months before recorded RA diagnosis. Conclusion Indicator markers of RA may be valuable for case definition in cases which do not yet have a diagnostic code. The clinical diagnosis of RA is likely to occur some months before it is coded, shown by markers frequently occurring ≥6 months before recorded diagnosis. It is difficult to differentiate delay in diagnosis from delay in recording. Information concealed in free text may be required for the accurate identification of patients and to assess the quality of care in general practice.
- Author for correspondence
- Elizabeth Ford
- Email for correspondence
- e.m.ford@bsms.ac.uk
Code list: res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis
39 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N04..11 | Read | Inflammatory polyarthropathy | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N045.00 | Read | Other juvenile arthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N045100 | Read | Juvenile seronegative polyarthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N04y.00 | Read | Other specified inflammatory polyarthropathy | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N04y100 | Read | Sero negative arthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N04y111 | Read | Sero negative polyarthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N04yz00 | Read | Other specified inflammatory polyarthropathy NOS | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N04z.00 | Read | Inflammatory polyarthropathy NOS | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N060.11 | Read | Endemic polyarthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N062900 | Read | Allergic arthritis of multiple sites | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N064900 | Read | Transient arthropathy of multiple sites | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N065.00 | Read | Unspecified polyarthropathy or polyarthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N065.11 | Read | Polyarthropathy NEC | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N065900 | Read | Unspecified polyarthropathy of multiple sites | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N065z00 | Read | Unspecified polyarthropathy or polyarthritis NOS | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N065z11 | Read | Polyarthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N06z900 | Read | Arthropathy NOS; of multiple sites | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N090900 | Read | Effusion of multiple joints | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093.00 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093000 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of unspecified site | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093100 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the shoulder region | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093.11 | Read | Hench - Rosenberg syndrome | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093200 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the upper arm | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093300 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the forearm | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093400 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the hand | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093500 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the pelvic region and thigh | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093600 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the lower leg | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093700 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of the ankle and foot | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093800 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of other specified site | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093900 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism of multiple sites | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N093z00 | Read | Palindromic rheumatism NOS | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N094900 | Read | Arthralgia of multiple joints | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| N095900 | Read | Multiple stiff joints | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| Nyu1.00 | Read | [X]Inflammatory polyarthropathies | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| Nyu1500 | Read | [X]Other juvenile arthritis | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| 7122A | OXMIS | RHEUMATISM PALINDROMIC | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| 7150SN | OXMIS | ARTHRITIS SERO NEGATIVE | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| 715 B | OXMIS | POLYARTHRITIS | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis | |||
| 7873DM | OXMIS | POLYARTHRALGIA | diagnostic | res13: Unnamed Inflammatory Arthritis |
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