ClinicalCodes.org
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Research article:
Exposure to sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the QResearch primary care database
Reference:
Caroline Fairhurst, Ian Watt, Fabiola Martin, Martin Bland, and William J. Brackenbury(2014) Exposure to sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the QResearch primary care database. BMJ Open, doi:
- Link to fulltext article
- Abstract
- Introduction: Metastasis from solid tumours is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are drug targets for the treatment of epilepsy. VGSCs are also present in cancer cells, where they regulate metastatic cell behaviours, including cellular movement and invasion. Treating cancer cells with the VGSC-inhibiting anticonvulsant phenytoin reduces cellular invasion and migration. Together, these suggest that VGSCs may be useful targets for inhibiting metastasis. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that use of VGSC-inhibiting drugs will reduce metastasis, and therefore increase survival time in cancer patients. Methods and analysis: A cohort study based on primary care data from the QResearch database will include patients with one of three common tumours: breast, bowel, and prostate. The primary outcome will be overall survival from date of cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression will be used to compare the survival of cancer patients taking VGSC-inhibiting drugs (including anticonvulsants and Class I antiarrhythmic agents) with cancer patients not exposed to these drugs, adjusting for age and sex. Exposure to VGSC-inhibiting drugs will be defined as having at least one prescription for these drugs prior to cancer diagnosis. High and low exposure groups will be identified based on length of use. A number of sensitivity and secondary analyses will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination: The protocol has been independently peer-reviewed and approved by the QResearch Scientific Board. The project has also been approved by the University of York Ethical Review Process. The results will be presented at international conferences and published in an open access peer-reviewed journal, in accordance with the STROBE criteria.
- Author for correspondence
- William J. Brackenbury
- Email for correspondence
- william.brackenbury@york.ac.uk
Code list: res17: Breast cancer
48 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B34 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B340 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B3400 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B3401 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of areola of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B340-99 | Read | Ca breast - nipple/central | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B340z | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple or areola of female breast NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B341 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of central part of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34-1 | Read | Ca female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B342 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of upper-inner quadrant of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B342-99 | Read | Ca breast-upper,inner quadrant | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B343 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of lower-inner quadrant of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B343-99 | Read | Ca breast-lower,inner quadrant | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B344 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of upper-outer quadrant of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B344-99 | Read | Ca breast-upper,outer quadrant | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B345 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of lower-outer quadrant of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B345-99 | Read | Ca breast-lower,outer quadrant | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B346 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of axillary tail of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B346-99 | Read | Ca breast - axillary tail | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B347 | Read | Malignant neoplasm, overlapping lesion of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34-98 | Read | Ca breast - NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34-99 | Read | Carcinoma breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34y | Read | Malignant neoplasm of other site of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34y0 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of ectopic site of female breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34yz | Read | Malignant neoplasm of other site of female breast NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34z | Read | Malignant neoplasm of female breast NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B34z-99 | Read | Ca breast - NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B35 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B350 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple and areola of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B3500 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B3501 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of areola of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B350z | Read | Malignant neoplasm of nipple or areola of male breast NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B35-99 | Read | Ca breast - male | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B35z | Read | Malignant neoplasm of other site of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B35z0 | Read | Malignant neoplasm of ectopic site of male breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B35zz | Read | Malignant neoplasm of male breast NOS | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B36 | Read | Local recurrence of malignant tumour of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B58y0 | Read | Secondary malignant neoplasm of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B830 | Read | Carcinoma in situ of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B8300 | Read | Lobular carcinoma in situ of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B8301 | Read | Intraductal carcinoma in situ of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B830-99 | Read | Carcinoma in situ breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| B933 | Read | Neoplasm of uncertain behaviour of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| BA03 | Read | Neoplasm of unspecified nature of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| BB94-1 | Read | [M]Secretory breast carcinoma | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| Byu6 | Read | [X]Malignant neoplasm of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| EMISNQLO13 | Read | Local recurrence of malignant tumour of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| HNG0190 | Read | [RFC] Breast cancer | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer | |||
| ZV103 | Read | [V]Personal history of malignant neoplasm of breast | diagnostic | res17: Breast cancer |
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