ClinicalCodes.org
An online clinical codes repository to improve validity and reproducibility of medical database research
Research article:
Identifying prior signals of bipolar disorder using primary care electronic health records
Reference:
Catharine Morgan, Darren M Ashcroft, Carolyn A Chew-Graham, Matthew Sperrin, Roger T Webb, Anya Francis, Jan Scott, Alison R Yung(2023) Identifying prior signals of bipolar disorder using primary care electronic health records. British Journal of General Practice, doi:
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Background: Bipolar disorders (BD) are serious mental illnesses yet evidence suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of BD can be delayed by around 6 years. Aim: To identify signals of undiagnosed BD using routinely collected electronic health records. Methods: A nested case-control study conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD dataset, an anonymised electronic primary care patient database linked with hospital records. Cases were adult patients with incident BD diagnoses between 1st Jan. 2010 and 31st July 2017. These patients were matched by age, sex, and registered general practice to 20 controls without a recorded BD. Annual episode incidence rates were estimated and odds ratios from conditional logistic regression models were reported for recorded health events prior to index (diagnosis) date. Results: There were 2,366 patients with incident BD diagnoses and 47,138 matched control patients (median age 40 years; 60.5% females). Compared with controls, BD cases had higher incidence of diagnosed depressive, psychotic, anxiety and personality disorders recorded and escalating self-harm, up to 10 years before BD diagnosis. Sleep disturbance, substance misuse and mood swings were more frequent among cases than controls. Also, cases had more frequent face-to-face consultations and were more likely to miss multiple scheduled appointments and prescribed three different psychotropic medication classes in a given year. Conclusion: Psychiatric diagnoses, psychotropic prescriptions and health service use patterns might be signals of unreported BD. Recognition of these signals could prompt further investigation for undiagnosed significant psychopathology, leading to timely referral, assessment and initiation of appropriate treatments.
- Author for correspondence
- catharine Morgan
- Email for correspondence
- cathy.morgan@manchester.ac.uk
Code list: res201: personality disorders
82 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E21..00 | Read | personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E210.00 | Read | paranoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211.00 | Read | affective personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211000 | Read | unspecified affective personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21..11 | Read | neurotic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211100 | Read | hypomanic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211200 | Read | depressive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211300 | Read | cyclothymic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E211z00 | Read | affective personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E212.00 | Read | schizoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E212000 | Read | unspecified schizoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E212z00 | Read | schizoid personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E213.00 | Read | explosive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E214.00 | Read | compulsive personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E214000 | Read | anankastic personality | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E214.11 | Read | anancastic personality | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E214z00 | Read | compulsive personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E215.00 | Read | histrionic personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E215000 | Read | unspecified histrionic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E215.11 | Read | hysterical personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E215z00 | Read | histrionic personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E216.00 | Read | inadequate personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E217.00 | Read | antisocial or sociopathic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y.00 | Read | other personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y000 | Read | narcissistic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y100 | Read | avoidant personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y200 | Read | borderline personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y300 | Read | passive-aggressive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y400 | Read | eccentric personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y500 | Read | immature personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y600 | Read | masochistic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21y700 | Read | psychoneurotic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21yz00 | Read | other personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21z.00 | Read | personality disorder nos | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| E21z.11 | Read | psychopathic personality | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu06000 | Read | [x]organic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu06011 | Read | [x]organic pseudopsychopathic personality | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu21.17 | Read | [x]pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu21.18 | Read | [x]schizotypal personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu34011 | Read | [x]affective personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu34112 | Read | [x]depressive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu6..00 | Read | [x]disorders of adult personality and behaviour | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60.00 | Read | [x]specific personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60000 | Read | [x]paranoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60013 | Read | [x]querulant personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60014 | Read | [x]sensitive paranoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60100 | Read | [x]schizoid personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60200 | Read | [x]dissocial personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60212 | Read | [x]antisocial personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60213 | Read | [x]asocial personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60214 | Read | [x]psychopathic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60215 | Read | [x]sociopathic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60300 | Read | [x]emotionally unstable personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60311 | Read | [x]aggressive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60312 | Read | [x]borderline personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60313 | Read | [x]explosive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60400 | Read | [x]histrionic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60411 | Read | [x]hysterical personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60412 | Read | [x]psychoinfantile personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60500 | Read | [x]anankastic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60511 | Read | [x]compulsive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60512 | Read | [x]obsessional personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60513 | Read | [x]obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60600 | Read | [x]anxious [avoidant] personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60700 | Read | [x]dependent personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60711 | Read | [x]asthenic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60712 | Read | [x]inadequate personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60713 | Read | [x]passive personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60714 | Read | [x]self defeating personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y00 | Read | [x]other specific personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y11 | Read | [x]eccentric personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y12 | Read | [x]haltlose type personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y13 | Read | [x]immature personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y14 | Read | [x]narcissistic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60y16 | Read | [x]psychoneurotic personality disorder | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu60z00 | Read | [x]personality disorder, unspecified | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu61.00 | Read | [x]mixed and other personality disorders | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu6y.00 | Read | [x]other disorders of adult personality and behaviour | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu6yy00 | Read | [x]other specified disorders of adult personality/behaviour | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu6z.00 | Read | [x]unspecified disorder of adult personality and behaviour | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu84511 | Read | [x]autistic psychopathy | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders | |||
| Eu94211 | Read | [x]affectionless psychopathy | diagnostic | res201: personality disorders |
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