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Research article:
Examining variations in prescribing safety in UK general practice: a cross-sectional study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Reference:
S Jill Stocks, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Artur Akbarov, Sarah Rodger, Anthony J Avery, Darren M Ashcroft(2015) Examining variations in prescribing safety in UK general practice: a cross-sectional study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. BMJ, doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5501
- Link to fulltext article
- Abstract
- Study question What is the prevalence of different types of potentially hazardous prescribing in general practice in the United Kingdom, and what is the variation between practices? Methods A cross sectional study included all adult patients potentially at risk of a prescribing or monitoring error defined by a combination of diagnoses and prescriptions in 526 general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) up to 1 April 2013. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of potentially hazardous prescriptions of anticoagulants, anti-platelets, NSAIDs, β blockers, glitazones, metformin, digoxin, antipsychotics, combined hormonal contraceptives, and oestrogens and monitoring by blood test less frequently than recommended for patients with repeated prescriptions of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and loop diuretics, amiodarone, methotrexate, lithium, or warfarin. Study answer and limitations 49 927 of 949 552 patients at risk triggered at least one prescribing indicator (5.26%, 95% confidence interval 5.21% to 5.30%) and 21 501 of 182 721 (11.8%, 11.6% to 11.9%) triggered at least one monitoring indicator. The prevalence of different types of potentially hazardous prescribing ranged from almost zero to 10.2%, and for inadequate monitoring ranged from 10.4% to 41.9%. Older patients and those prescribed multiple repeat medications had significantly higher risks of triggering a prescribing indicator whereas younger patients with fewer repeat prescriptions had significantly higher risk of triggering a monitoring indicator. There was high variation between practices for some indicators.Though prescribing safety indicators describe prescribing patterns that can increase the risk of harm to the patient and should generally be avoided, there will always be exceptions where the indicator is clinically justified. Furthermore there is the possibility that some information is not captured by CPRD for some practices—for example, INR results in patients receiving warfarin. What this study adds The high prevalence for certain indicators emphasises existing prescribing risks and the need for their appropriate consideration within primary care, particularly for older patients and those taking multiple medications. The high variation between practices indicates potential for improvement through targeted practice level intervention.
- Author for correspondence
- Jill Stocks
- Email for correspondence
- jill.stocks@manchester.ac.uk
Code list: res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens
234 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | drugsubstance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10052 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova TS 50micrograms/24hours transdermal patches (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10076 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 75micrograms/24hours patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10096 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 100micrograms/24hours patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10126 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 25micrograms/24hours patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10180 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 50micrograms/24hours patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10946 | CPRD_product_code | Menorest 50 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 10967 | CPRD_product_code | Menorest 37.5 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 11157 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with dydrogesterone) 1mg with (1mg with 10mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 11297 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with levonorgestrel) 2mg with (2mg with 75micrograms) tab | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 11363 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with dydrogesterone) 2mg with (2mg with 20mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 11375 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 11430 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 11511 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with dydrogesterone) 2mg with (2mg with 10 mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 1160 | CPRD_product_code | Prempak-C 0.625mg/0.15mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 1161 | CPRD_product_code | Prempak-C 1.25mg/0.15mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 11642 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with levonorgestrel) 1mg with (1mg with 250micrograms) ta | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 11672 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1183 | CPRD_product_code | Estracombi TTS patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 11882 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 12661 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate with medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 1268 | CPRD_product_code | Kliofem tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 12713 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with norethisterone) 2mg with (2mg with 1 mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 12773 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 12788 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg / Norethisterone acetate 500microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 12807 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with norethisterone acetate ( continuous combined) 2mg with 0.7mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 12907 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with dydrogesterone) tablets 1mg with 5mg | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 12953 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg / Dydrogesterone 5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Dydrogesterone | ||
| 12970 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 1.25mg tablets and Norgestrel 150microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 13146 | CPRD_product_code | Novofem tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 1331 | CPRD_product_code | Premarin 0.625mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 13582 | CPRD_product_code | Menorest 75 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 13945 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with levonorgestrel) 80mcg/24hrs with (50mcg+20mcg/24hr) twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 14027 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with (estradiol with norethisterone acetate) 1mg with (1mg with 1mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 14234 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 37.5micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 14569 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with norethisterone) and (estradiol) 2mg with (2mg with 1mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 14580 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril 25 patches (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 14596 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with norethisterone) and (estradiol) triphasic forte 4mg with (4mg with 1mg | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 14792 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 14812 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with (estradiol with norethisterone acetate) 50mcg/24 hr with (50mcg+170mcg/24 hr) twice w | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 1488 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel -50 50microgram/24hr (3.2mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1489 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel -75 75microgram/24 hr(4.8mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 14950 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hours / Norethisterone 170micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Norethisterone acetate/Estradiol | ||
| 15100 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 37.5micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 15194 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril 100 patches (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 15298 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 15328 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1568 | CPRD_product_code | Tridestra tablets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 15869 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril 50 patches (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 15880 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril - Septem 75 patches (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 16367 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 1mg / Medroxyprogesterone 2.5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 16392 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 2mg / Medroxyprogesterone 5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 16437 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 16443 | CPRD_product_code | FemTab Continuous tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 16493 | CPRD_product_code | Angeliq tablets (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate/Drospirenone | ||
| 16997 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with (estradiol with norethisterone acetate) 2mg with (2mg with 1 mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 17529 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 2mg vaginal ring | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1760 | CPRD_product_code | Prempak 0.625 Tablet (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 1797 | CPRD_product_code | Oestrogel 0.06% Gel (Aventis Pharma) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18009 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18167 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with medroxyprogesterone acetate) with placebo 2mg with ( | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 18218 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18311 | CPRD_product_code | Estriol 250micrograms tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estriol | ||
| 18383 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 80micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18437 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18502 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 18530 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with norgestrel) 2mg with (2mg with 500micrograms) tablet | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 18600 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1873 | CPRD_product_code | Climaval 1mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 18901 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 19135 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50mg implant (Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 19145 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 1922 | CPRD_product_code | Hormonin Tablet (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estrone | ||
| 19429 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugat oestrogen equi and (conjugat oestrogen equi with medroxyprogesterone acetate 625 micrograms | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated Oestrogens | ||
| 19432 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 1mg / Medroxyprogesterone 5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 19487 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 37.5micrograms/24hours patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 19974 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hours / Levonorgestrel 7micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Levonorgestrel | ||
| 19986 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol and (estradiol with levonorgestrel) 50mcg/24hrs with (50mcg+10mcg/24hrs) once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 20135 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 20155 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 20393 | CPRD_product_code | Mixogen Tablet (Organon Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Ethinylestradiol | ||
| 206 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm TTS 100 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 20888 | CPRD_product_code | Adgyn Estro 2mg tablets (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 20895 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril - Septem 50 patches (ProStrakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2111 | CPRD_product_code | Climagest 2mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 2115 | CPRD_product_code | Kliovance tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 2140 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven 50 patches (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2141 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel -25 25microgram/24hr (1.6mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2208 | CPRD_product_code | Trisequens tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 2209 | CPRD_product_code | Livial 2.5mg tablets (Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Tibolone | ||
| 22335 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 22372 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 80micrograms/24hours transdermal patches and Dydrogesterone 10mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 2262 | CPRD_product_code | Climaval 2mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 22741 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 625microgram tablets and Norgestrel 150microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 22975 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg / Drospirenone 2mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate/Drospirenone | ||
| 23152 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 40micrograms/24hours transdermal patches and Dydrogesterone 10mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 2397 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel -100 100microgram/24 hr (6.4mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2402 | CPRD_product_code | Vagifem 25microgram vaginal tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2457 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 24917 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 2mg / Norethisterone 700microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate/Norethisterone | ||
| 256 | CPRD_product_code | Tibolone 2.5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Tibolone | ||
| 2597 | CPRD_product_code | Premarin 0.625mg/g vaginal cream (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 26049 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 2729 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel Conti patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Norethisterone acetate/Estradiol | ||
| 2766 | CPRD_product_code | Climesse tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate/Norethisterone | ||
| 28230 | CPRD_product_code | Clinorette tablets (ReSource Medical UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 29449 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg/ml injection | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 29573 | CPRD_product_code | Dienestrol 5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Dienestrol | ||
| 2977 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50mg implant | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 3002 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Duet 1mg tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 3036 | CPRD_product_code | Cyclo-Progynova 2mg tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 3040 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 50 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 3131 | CPRD_product_code | Femapak 40 (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 31330 | CPRD_product_code | Estradio; 5m/ml injection | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 3179 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova 1mg tablets (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 32930 | CPRD_product_code | Dermestril septem 25microgram/24hr Transdermal patch (Strakan Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 3387 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 25 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 34174 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens equine with medroxyprogesterone acetate 625micrograms with 10mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated Oestrogens | ||
| 3423 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 625microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 3433 | CPRD_product_code | Sandrena 0.10% Gel (Organon Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 34749 | CPRD_product_code | Prempak 1.25 Tablet (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 35091 | CPRD_product_code | Oestrogel Pump-Pack 0.06% gel (Besins Healthcare (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 35198 | CPRD_product_code | Premarin 0.3mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 3530 | CPRD_product_code | Femoston 1/10mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 3553 | CPRD_product_code | Femoston 2/10mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 35718 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 300microgram tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 35742 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 35958 | CPRD_product_code | Bedol 2mg tablets (ReSource Medical UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 37033 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 37037 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 37692 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 37697 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 38932 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel 50 patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 38935 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel 25 patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 38940 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel 75 patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 38965 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel 100 patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 390 | CPRD_product_code | Climagest 1mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 3960 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 1.25mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 39622 | CPRD_product_code | Hormonin tablets (AMCo) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estrone/Estriol/Estradiol | ||
| 40606 | CPRD_product_code | Sandrena 500microgram gel sachets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate | ||
| 40643 | CPRD_product_code | Sandrena 1mg gel sachets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate | ||
| 40836 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 500microgram gel sachets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate | ||
| 40848 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg gel sachets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate | ||
| 41390 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with (estradiol with norethisterone acetate) twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Hemihydrate | ||
| 4207 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Duet 2mg tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 4244 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel Sequi patches (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 42515 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 40micrograms/24 hourspatch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4326 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova 2mg tablets (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 4328 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Solo 1mg tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4393 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Duet Conti tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 44461 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 10microgram pessaries | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 44494 | CPRD_product_code | Vagifem 10microgram vaginal tablets (Novo Nordisk Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4466 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova TS 50microgram/24hr (3.8mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Schering Health Care Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4467 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova TS 100microgram/24 hr (7.6mg/unit) Transdermal patch (Schering Health Care Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4721 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4882 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 100 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4909 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Solo 2mg tablets (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 4956 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 49693 | CPRD_product_code | Vagifem 25microgram vaginal tablets (Mawdsley-Brooks & Company Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 49694 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm TTS 25 patches (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 49757 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven Conti patches (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Levonorgestrel | ||
| 4977 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 75 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 49985 | CPRD_product_code | Femoston-conti 0.5mg/2.5mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 5005 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 5012 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 2mg / Norethisterone acetate 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 50200 | CPRD_product_code | Climagest 1mg tablets (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 5100 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 51201 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 50micrograms/24hours patches (Necessity Supplies Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 51546 | CPRD_product_code | Climaval 2mg tablets (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 51688 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel Conti patches (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Norethisterone acetate/Estradiol | ||
| 5195 | CPRD_product_code | Femoston-conti 1mg/5mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Dydrogesterone | ||
| 51978 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 25 patches (Stephar (U.K.) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 52174 | CPRD_product_code | Estradot 50micrograms/24hours patches (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 52306 | CPRD_product_code | Femoston-conti 1mg/5mg tablets (Stephar (U.K.) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Dydrogesterone | ||
| 52441 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel Conti patches (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Norethisterone acetate/Estradiol | ||
| 52480 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm MX 25 patches (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 52632 | CPRD_product_code | Vagifem 25microgram vaginal tablets (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 52813 | CPRD_product_code | Nuvelle TS Phase I patches (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 5292 | CPRD_product_code | Fematrix 40 patches (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 5343 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 54425 | CPRD_product_code | Oestrogel Pump-Pack 0.06% gel (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 54456 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate with norgestrel 2mg+500micrograms tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 55551 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 500micrograms / Dydrogesterone 2.5mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 56056 | CPRD_product_code | Generic Elleste Duet 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 56081 | CPRD_product_code | Generic Femoston 1/10mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 56468 | CPRD_product_code | Oestrogel Pump-Pack 0.06% gel (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 56480 | CPRD_product_code | Evorel Conti patches (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Norethisterone acetate/Estradiol | ||
| 57514 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm TTS 50 patches (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 57548 | CPRD_product_code | Oestrogel Pump-Pack 0.06% gel (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 5755 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Solo MX 40 transdermal patches (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 57562 | CPRD_product_code | Sandrena 1mg gel sachets (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol hemihydrate | ||
| 5759 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 57590 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova TS 50 patches (Dowelhurst Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 57615 | CPRD_product_code | Livial 2.5mg tablets (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Tibolone | ||
| 58035 | CPRD_product_code | Generic Elleste Duet 2mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 58516 | CPRD_product_code | Generic Femoston 2/10mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 58575 | CPRD_product_code | Generic Climagest 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 6030 | CPRD_product_code | Nuvelle Continuous tablets (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Norethisterone acetate | ||
| 6041 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 0.06% gel | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6059 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 100micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 60637 | CPRD_product_code | Climaval 1mg tablets (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 6082 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven 75 patches (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6177 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven 100 patches (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6538 | CPRD_product_code | FemTab 2mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 6545 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven Conti patches (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol/Levonorgestrel | ||
| 6563 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 75micrograms/24hr once weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6601 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6603 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol with estrone and estriol tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estrone | ||
| 6622 | CPRD_product_code | Zumenon 2mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6793 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 40micrograms/24hours transdermal patches | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 6861 | CPRD_product_code | Indivina 1mg/5mg tablets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 7001 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate 2mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 7175 | CPRD_product_code | Indivina 1mg/2.5mg tablets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 7242 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 0.1% gel | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 7251 | CPRD_product_code | FemTab 1mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol valerate | ||
| 7381 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 2mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 7388 | CPRD_product_code | Zumenon 1mg tablets (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 7615 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25microgram pessaries | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 774 | CPRD_product_code | Premarin 1.25mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 8777 | CPRD_product_code | Dienestrol 1mg tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Dienestrol | ||
| 8837 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 25mg implant | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9047 | CPRD_product_code | Fematrix 80 patches (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9181 | CPRD_product_code | Estring 2mg vaginal ring (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9224 | CPRD_product_code | Norgestrel and conjugated oestrogens (equine) 150micrograms + 625micrograms Tablet | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated Oestrogens | ||
| 9235 | CPRD_product_code | Norgestrel and conjugated oestrogens (equine) 150micrograms + 1.25mg Tablet | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated Oestrogens | ||
| 9268 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol 50micrograms/24hr twice weekly patch | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 932 | CPRD_product_code | Conjugated oestrogens 625micrograms/g vaginal cream | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Conjugated oestrogens | ||
| 9413 | CPRD_product_code | Estradiol valerate and (estradiol valerate with norethisterone) 1mg with (1mg with 1mg) tablets | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol Valerate | ||
| 9649 | CPRD_product_code | Elleste Solo MX 80 transdermal patches (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9671 | CPRD_product_code | Indivina 2mg/5mg tablets (Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Medroxyprogesterone acetate/Estradiol valerate | ||
| 9684 | CPRD_product_code | Femapak 80 (Abbott Healthcare Products Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | |||
| 986 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm TTS 50 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 988 | CPRD_product_code | Estraderm TTS 25 patches (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9901 | CPRD_product_code | Progynova TS 100micrograms/24hours transdermal patches (Bayer Plc) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens | Estradiol | ||
| 9905 | CPRD_product_code | FemSeven Sequi patches (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res25: P19_HRT_oestrogens |
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Code list links:
ClinicalCodes is a project at the University of Manchester Institute of Population Health
The ClinicalCodes project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research (SPCR)