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Research article:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the United Kingdom: Regional and socioeconomic variations in incidence rates amongst children and adolescents (2004-2013)
Reference:
Hire AJ, Ashcroft DM, Springate DA, Steinke DT(2015) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the United Kingdom: Regional and socioeconomic variations in incidence rates amongst children and adolescents (2004-2013). Journal of Attention Disorders, doi: 0.1177/1087054715613441
- Link to article
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence and distribution of ADHD within the United Kingdom, and to examine whether there was any association between ADHD incidence and socioeconomic deprivation. METHOD: The study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Patients diagnosed with ADHD before the age of 19 between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013 were stratified according to the region in which their general practice was based. Practice Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score was used as a surrogate measure of patients' deprivation status. RESULTS: ADHD incidence was relatively stable between 2004 and 2013, but peaked in the last 2 years studied. Statistically significant (p ≤ .05) differences in incidence were observed between U.K. regions. In almost every year studied, incidence rates were highest among the most deprived patients and lowest among the least deprived patients. CONCLUSION: In the United Kingdom, ADHD may be associated with socioeconomic deprivation.
- Author for correspondence
- Adrian Hire
- Email for correspondence
Code list: res28: ADHD prodcodes
75 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11536 | Read | Methylphenidate 20mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 11733 | Read | Methylphenidate 20mg tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 13212 | Read | Methylphenidate 10mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 13238 | Read | Dexamfetamine 1mg/ml oral liquid | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 13914 | Read | Equasym 5mg tablets (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14119 | Read | Strattera 10mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14129 | Read | Atomoxetine 18mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14331 | Read | Equasym XL 30mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14346 | Read | Equasym XL 10mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14512 | Read | Dexedrine 5mg tablets (Auden McKenzie (Pharma Division) Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 14848 | Read | Methylphenidate 30mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 16185 | Read | Dexamfetamine 15mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 16949 | Read | Strattera 25mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 17014 | Read | Strattera 40mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 17588 | Read | Strattera 60mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 18832 | Read | Strattera 18mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 18996 | Read | Durophet 20mg Capsule (3M Health Care Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 18998 | Read | Durophet 7.5mg Capsule (3M Health Care Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 21399 | Read | Equasym xl 20mg Capsule (Celltech Pharma Europe Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 23161 | Read | Tranquilyn 5mg tablets (Genesis Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 23173 | Read | Tranquilyn 10mg tablets (Genesis Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 24116 | Read | Durophet 12.5mg Capsule (3M Health Care Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 2679 | Read | Ritalin 10mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 31623 | Read | Dexedrine 15mg Spansules (Imported (United States)) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 35159 | Read | Concerta XL 27mg tablets (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 35469 | Read | Methylphenidate 27mg modified-release tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 35515 | Read | Methylphenidate 40mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 35658 | Read | Medikinet XL 30mg capsules (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 35659 | Read | Medikinet XL 20mg capsules (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 36628 | Read | Medikinet XL 10mg capsules (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 36910 | Read | Medikinet 20mg tablets (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 37097 | Read | Medikinet 5mg tablets (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 37237 | Read | Medikinet 10mg tablets (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 37658 | Read | Medikinet XL 40mg capsules (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 40279 | Read | Atomoxetine 80mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 41492 | Read | Strattera 80mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 46593 | Read | Medikinet XL 5mg capsules (Flynn Pharma Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 46607 | Read | Methylphenidate 5mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 47099 | Read | Dexamfetamine with amfetamine 10mg with 10mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 47481 | Read | Dexamfetamine 10mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 47609 | Read | Dexamfetamine 5mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 47679 | Read | Dexamfetamine 15mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 49392 | Read | Amfetamine 10mg / Dexamfetamine 10mg modified-release capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 51453 | Read | Dexamfetamine 5mg/5ml oral solution | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 52233 | Read | Methylphenidate 54mg modified-release tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 52461 | Read | Equasym XL 10mg capsules (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 53527 | Read | Equasym XL 30mg capsules (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 54504 | Read | Methylphenidate 20mg modified-release tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 54804 | Read | Equasym XL 10mg capsules (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 55169 | Read | Lisdexamfetamine 50mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 55495 | Read | Dexamfetamine with amfetamine 10mg with 10mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 55635 | Read | Atomoxetine 100mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 55747 | Read | Elvanse 30mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 55987 | Read | Lisdexamfetamine 30mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 56336 | Read | Elvanse 50mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 56576 | Read | Elvanse 30mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 56713 | Read | Ritalin-SR 20mg tablets (Imported (United States)) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 56742 | Read | Elvanse 70mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 57405 | Read | Methylphenidate 5mg/5ml oral solution | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 576 | Read | Methylphenidate 10mg tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 57786 | Read | Lisdexamfetamine 70mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 5810 | Read | Concerta XL 18mg tablets (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 5811 | Read | Concerta XL 36mg tablets (Janssen-Cilag Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 58678 | Read | Concerta 54mg modified-release tablets (Imported (Belgium)) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 58691 | Read | Methylphenidate 10mg/5ml oral solution | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 59365 | Read | Strattera 100mg capsules (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6107 | Read | Methylphenidate 18mg modified-release tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6169 | Read | Methylphenidate 36mg modified-release tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6643 | Read | Atomoxetine 40mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6644 | Read | Atomoxetine 60mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6645 | Read | Atomoxetine 25mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 6868 | Read | Equasym XL 20mg capsules (Shire Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 7100 | Read | Atomoxetine 10mg capsules | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 7101 | Read | Methylphenidate 5mg tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes | |||
| 9738 | Read | Dexamfetamine 5mg tablets | drug | res28: ADHD prodcodes |
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