ClinicalCodes.org
An online clinical codes repository to improve validity and reproducibility of medical database research
Research article:
Suicide risk linked with clinical consultation frequency, psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a national study of primary care patients
Reference:
Kirsten Windfuhr, David While, Nav Kapur, Darren M. Ashcroft, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Matthew J. Carr, Jenny Shaw, Louis Appleby, Roger T. Webb (2016) Suicide risk linked with clinical consultation frequency, psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a national study of primary care patients. Psychological Medicine, doi:
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Background: Little is known about the precursors of suicide risk among primary care patients. Objectives: To examine risk of suicide in relation to recent general practice consultation patterns, psychiatric diagnoses and the prescribing of multiple psychotropic drug types. Methods: Nested case-control study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), England. Patients aged 16 years and older who died by suicide during 2002-2011 (N=2384) were matched on gender, age and registered practice with up to 20 living control patients (N=46,899). Results: Risk of dying by suicide was raised among general practice non-attenders, and increased sharply with rising number of clinical consultations compared with patients who consulted once only in the year preceding suicide. Markedly elevated risk was also associated with the prescribing of multiple psychotropic medication types and with having several psychiatric diagnoses, and to a lesser degree risk was also raised among patients living in more socially deprived residential areas. In a multivariable model the confounding effect of multiple psychotropic drug types largely accounted for the rising risk gradient observed with increasing clinical consultation frequency. Conclusion: A greater proportion of patients with several psychiatric diagnoses, those prescribed multiple psychotropic medication types, and those who consult at very high frequency might be considered for referral to mental health services by their general practitioners. Non-attenders are also at increased risk, which suggests that conventional models of primary care may not be effective in meeting the needs of all people in the community experiencing major psychosocial difficulties and at elevated risk of suicide.
- Author for correspondence
- Roger Webb
- Email for correspondence
- roger.webb@manchester.ac.uk
Code list: res38: Anxiolitics
40 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39801020 | Multilex | Zimovane 7.5mg tablets (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 479021 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg/5ml oral solution | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59209020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59210020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59236020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59237020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59593020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59594020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59784020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 59785020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 60509020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 60510020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 62715020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (Sandoz Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 63436020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 63765020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets (PLIVA Pharma Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 63881020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 5mg Tablet (Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 63882020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg Tablet (Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 64484020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 5mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 64487020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 64733020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 5mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 64738020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 65546020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets (Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 65832020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 5mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 65835020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 66946020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 72408020 | Multilex | Zimovane 7.5mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 72416020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 7.5mg tablets | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 72417020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg tablets | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 75692020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 5mg tablets | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 75693020 | Multilex | Zolpidem 10mg tablets | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 75696020 | Multilex | Stilnoct 5mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 75697020 | Multilex | Stilnoct 10mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 83069020 | Multilex | Zimovane LS 3.75mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 85821020 | Multilex | Zileze 3.75 tablets (Opus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 85822020 | Multilex | Zileze 7.5 tablets (Opus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 86240020 | Multilex | Zaleplon 5mg capsules | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 86241020 | Multilex | Zaleplon 10mg capsules | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 86243020 | Multilex | Sonata 5mg capsules (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 86244020 | Multilex | Sonata 10mg capsules (Meda Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res38: Anxiolitics | |||
| 91009020 | Multilex | Zopiclone 3.75mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res38: Anxiolitics |
Please log in to leave a comment.
Code list links:
ClinicalCodes is a project at the University of Manchester Institute of Population Health
The ClinicalCodes project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research (SPCR)