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Research article:
Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the CPRD primary care database
Reference:
Caroline Fairhurst, Fabiola Martin, Ian Watt, Tim Doran, Martin Bland, William J. Brackenbury(2016) Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer survival: protocol for a cohort study using the CPRD primary care database. BMJ Open, doi:
- Link to fulltext article
- Abstract
- Introduction: Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)-inhibiting drugs are commonly used to treat epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia. VGSCs are also widely expressed in various cancers, including those of the breast, bowel and prostate. A number of VGSC-inhibiting drugs have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumour growth and metastasis in preclinical models, suggesting that VGSCs may be novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. Surprisingly, we previously found that prior exposure to VGSC-inhibiting drugs may be associated with reduced overall survival in cancer patients, but we were unable to control for cause of death or indication for prescription. The purpose of the present study is to interrogate a different database in order to further investigate the relationship between VGSC-inhibiting drugs and cancer-specific survival. Methods and analysis: A cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database will include patients with diagnosis of breast, bowel and prostate cancer (approx. n=13,000). The primary outcome will be cancer-specific survival from date of cancer diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression will be used to compare survival of patients taking VGSC-inhibiting drugs (including antiepileptic drugs and Class I antiarrhythmic agents) with cancer patients not taking these drugs, adjusting for cancer type, age and sex. Drug exposure will be treated as a time-varying covariate to account for potential immortal time bias. Various sensitivity and secondary analyses will be performed. Ethics and dissemination: The project has been reviewed and approved by the University of York Ethical Review Process. Results will be presented at an international conference and published in open access peer-reviewed journals according to the STROBE and RECORD guidelines.
- Author for correspondence
- William J. Brackenbury
- Email for correspondence
- william.brackenbury@york.ac.uk
Code list: res47: Smoking status
59 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 137..11 | Read | Smoker - amount smoked | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 1371.11 | Read | Non-smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 1372.11 | Read | Occasional smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137a.00 | Read | Pipe tobacco consumption | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137A.00 | Read | Ex-heavy smoker (20-39/day) | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137b.00 | Read | Ready to stop smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137B.00 | Read | Ex-very heavy smoker (40+/day) | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137c.00 | Read | Thinking about stopping smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137C.00 | Read | Keeps trying to stop smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137d.00 | Read | Not interested in stopping smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137D.00 | Read | Admitted tobacco cons untrue ? | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137e.00 | Read | Smoking restarted | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137E.00 | Read | Tobacco consumption unknown | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137f.00 | Read | Reason for restarting smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137F.00 | Read | Ex-smoker - amount unknown | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137g.00 | Read | Cigarette pack-years | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137G.00 | Read | Trying to give up smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137h.00 | Read | Minutes from waking to first tobacco consumption | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137H.00 | Read | Pipe smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137i.00 | Read | Ex-tobacco chewer | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137I.00 | Read | Passive smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137I000 | Read | Exposed to tobacco smoke at home | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137j.00 | Read | Ex-cigarette smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137J.00 | Read | Cigar smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137k.00 | Read | Refusal to give smoking status | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137K.00 | Read | Stopped smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137K000 | Read | Recently stopped smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137l.00 | Read | Ex roll-up cigarette smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137L.00 | Read | Current non-smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137m.00 | Read | Failed attempt to stop smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137M.00 | Read | Rolls own cigarettes | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137n.00 | Read | Total time smoked | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137N.00 | Read | Ex pipe smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137o.00 | Read | Waterpipe tobacco consumption | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137O.00 | Read | Ex cigar smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137P.00 | Read | Cigarette smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137P.11 | Read | Smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137Q.00 | Read | Smoking started | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137Q.11 | Read | Smoking restarted | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137R.00 | Read | Current smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137S.00 | Read | Ex smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137T.00 | Read | Date ceased smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137U.00 | Read | Not a passive smoker | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137V.00 | Read | Smoking reduced | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137W.00 | Read | Chews tobacco | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137X.00 | Read | Cigarette consumption | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137Y.00 | Read | Cigar consumption | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 137Z.00 | Read | Tobacco consumption NOS | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p..00 | Read | Smoking cessation milestones | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p0.00 | Read | Negotiated date for cessation of smoking | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p1.00 | Read | Smoking status at 4 weeks | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p2.00 | Read | Smoking status between 4 and 52 weeks | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p3.00 | Read | Smoking status at 52 weeks | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p4.00 | Read | Smoking free weeks | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p5.00 | Read | Smoking cessation programme start date | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13p7.00 | Read | Smoking status at 12 weeks | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 13WF.11 | Read | Smoker in the family | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 9ko..00 | Read | Current smoker annual review - enhanced services admin | test | res47: Smoking status | |||
| 9ko..11 | Read | Current smoker annual review | test | res47: Smoking status |
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