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Research article:
HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia hospitalization in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study
Reference:
Victor W. Zhong; Juhaeri Juhaeri; Stephen R. Cole; Christina M. Shay; Penny Gordon-Larsen; Evangelos Kontopantelis; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis(2017) HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia hospitalization in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.008
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Aims: To determine association between HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization (HH) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Using nested case-control design in electronic health record data in England, one case with first or recurrent HH was matched to one control who had not experienced HH in incident T1D and T2D adults. HbA1C variability was determined by standard deviation of ≥3 HbA1C results. Conditional logistic models were applied to determine association of HbA1C variability with first and recurrent HH. Results: In T1D, every 1.0% increase in HbA1C variability was associated with 90% higher first HH risk (95% CI, 1.25-2.89) and 392% higher recurrent HH risk (95% CI, 1.17- 20.61). In T2D, a 1.0% increase in HbA1C variability was associated with 556% higher first HH risk (95% CI, 3.88-11.08) and 573% higher recurrent HH risk (95% CI, 1.59-28.51). In T2D for first HH, the association was the strongest in non-insulin non-sulfonylurea users (P<0.0001); for recurrent HH, the association was stronger in insulin users than sulfonylurea users (P=0.07). The HbA1C variability-HH association was stronger in more recent years in T2D (P≤0.004). Conclusions: HbA1C variability is a strong predictor for HH in T1D and T2D.
- Author for correspondence
- Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Email for correspondence
- mayerdav@email.unc.edu
Code list: res50: metformin
100 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | drugsubstance | bnfcode | bnfchapter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11601 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 2mg / Metformin 500mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Rosiglitazone maleate/Metformin hydrochloride | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 11604 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 1mg / Metformin 500mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Rosiglitazone maleate/Metformin hydrochloride | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 11609 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin with rosiglitazone 500mg + 1mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 11610 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin with rosiglitazone 500mg + 2mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 11717 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 2mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Rosiglitazone maleate | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 11737 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin with rosiglitazone 1000mg + 4mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 11760 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin with rosiglitazone 1000mg + 2mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 11990 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml oral solution sugar free | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 14164 | CPRD_product_code | Avandamet 2mg/1000mg tablets (GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Rosiglitazone maleate | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 16044 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 500mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 17580 | CPRD_product_code | Avandamet 1mg/500mg tablets (GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Rosiglitazone maleate/Metformin hydrochloride | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 18220 | CPRD_product_code | Pioglitazone 15mg / Metformin 850mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Pioglitazone hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 23 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 25678 | CPRD_product_code | Glucamet 500mg Tablet (Opus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 26258 | CPRD_product_code | Glucamet 850mg Tablet (Opus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 27501 | CPRD_product_code | Orabet 500mg Tablet (Lagap) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 30316 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin with pioglitazone 850mg + 15mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 31077 | CPRD_product_code | Competact 15mg/850mg tablets (Takeda UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Pioglitazone hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 31146 | CPRD_product_code | Metsol 500mg/5ml oral solution (Kappin Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 33087 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 33674 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34004 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34020 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34135 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg Tablet (M & A Pharmachem Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34323 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34504 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Wockhardt UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34598 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34697 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (Wockhardt UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34742 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34836 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 34917 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 37874 | CPRD_product_code | Vildagliptin 50mg / Metformin 850mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride/vildagliptin | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 37902 | CPRD_product_code | Vildagliptin 50mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Vildagliptin | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 38355 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 750mg modified-release tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 38400 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 750mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 38551 | CPRD_product_code | Eucreas 50mg/1000mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Vildagliptin | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 39203 | CPRD_product_code | Eucreas 50mg/850mg tablets (Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Vildagliptin | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 39560 | CPRD_product_code | Bolamyn SR 500mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 39598 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 1g modified-release tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 39729 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 1000mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 39988 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg oral powder sachets sugar free | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 40007 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage 1000mg oral powder sachets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 40110 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage 500mg oral powder sachets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 40233 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 1g oral powder sachets sugar free | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 42161 | CPRD_product_code | Orabet 500mg Tablet (Sandoz Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 43270 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml oral solution sugar free (Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 43619 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 1g / Sitagliptin 50mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Sitagliptin phosphate/Metformin hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 43684 | CPRD_product_code | Janumet 50mg/1000mg tablets (Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Sitagliptin phosphate/Metformin hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 44250 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml Oral solution (Hillcross Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 45581 | CPRD_product_code | Metabet SR 500mg tablets (Morningside Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 46989 | CPRD_product_code | Metabet SR 1000mg tablets (Morningside Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 47939 | CPRD_product_code | Glucient SR 500mg tablets (Consilient Health Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 48149 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Almus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 49502 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 500mg tablets (Mawdsley-Brooks & Company Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 49738 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 1g modified-release tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 50570 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 500mg tablets (Lexon (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 50682 | CPRD_product_code | Jentadueto 2.5mg/1000mg tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs | |
| 50821 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 50970 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Bristol Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 51080 | CPRD_product_code | Metabet SR 1000mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 51135 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 51527 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Boston Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 52221 | CPRD_product_code | Diagemet XL 500mg tablets (Thornton & Ross Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 52442 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 52445 | CPRD_product_code | Linagliptin 2.5mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs | |
| 52449 | CPRD_product_code | Linagliptin 2.5mg / Metformin 850mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs | |
| 52634 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 500mg tablets (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 53478 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets (Kent Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 53774 | CPRD_product_code | Metabet SR 500mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 53867 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Zentiva) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 54150 | CPRD_product_code | Jentadueto 2.5mg/850mg tablets (Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Linagliptin/Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202/06010203 | Biguanides/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 54442 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin (roi) 1000mg Tablet | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 54891 | CPRD_product_code | Saxagliptin 2.5mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Saxagliptin hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 54898 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets (Almus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 55270 | CPRD_product_code | Duformin 500mg Tablet (Dumex Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 55711 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Alliance Healthcare (Distribution) Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 55739 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Tillomed Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 56965 | CPRD_product_code | Komboglyze 2.5mg/1000mg tablets (AstraZeneca UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Saxagliptin hydrochloride | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 57147 | CPRD_product_code | Bolamyn SR 1000mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 57457 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg tablets (Aurobindo Pharma Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 58051 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml oral solution | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 58607 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml oral solution sugar free (Zentiva) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 59620 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage SR 500mg tablets (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 60012 | CPRD_product_code | Dapagliflozin 5mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Dapagliflozin | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 60074 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 1g modified-release tablets (Waymade Healthcare Plc) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 60286 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 60643 | CPRD_product_code | Xigduo 5mg/1000mg tablets (AstraZeneca UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Dapagliflozin | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 60968 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 61043 | CPRD_product_code | Sukkarto SR 1000mg tablets (Morningside Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 61559 | CPRD_product_code | Sukkarto SR 500mg tablets (Morningside Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 62144 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets (DE Pharmaceuticals) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 62265 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets (Mawdsley-Brooks & Company Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 6855 | CPRD_product_code | Avandamet 2mg/500mg tablets (GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Rosiglitazone maleate/Metformin hydrochloride | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 7048 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 500mg modified-release tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 7166 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage 500mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 7325 | CPRD_product_code | Avandamet 4mg/1000mg tablets (GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Rosiglitazone maleate | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 735 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 100mg/ml Oral solution | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin Hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 7375 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 4mg / Metformin 1g tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride/Rosiglitazone maleate | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 7610 | CPRD_product_code | Glucophage 850mg tablets (Merck Serono Ltd) | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
| 93 | CPRD_product_code | Metformin 850mg tablets | drug | res50: metformin | Metformin hydrochloride | 06010202 | Biguanides |
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