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Research article:
HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia hospitalization in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study
Reference:
Victor W. Zhong; Juhaeri Juhaeri; Stephen R. Cole; Christina M. Shay; Penny Gordon-Larsen; Evangelos Kontopantelis; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis(2017) HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia hospitalization in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.008
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Aims: To determine association between HbA1C variability and hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization (HH) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Using nested case-control design in electronic health record data in England, one case with first or recurrent HH was matched to one control who had not experienced HH in incident T1D and T2D adults. HbA1C variability was determined by standard deviation of ≥3 HbA1C results. Conditional logistic models were applied to determine association of HbA1C variability with first and recurrent HH. Results: In T1D, every 1.0% increase in HbA1C variability was associated with 90% higher first HH risk (95% CI, 1.25-2.89) and 392% higher recurrent HH risk (95% CI, 1.17- 20.61). In T2D, a 1.0% increase in HbA1C variability was associated with 556% higher first HH risk (95% CI, 3.88-11.08) and 573% higher recurrent HH risk (95% CI, 1.59-28.51). In T2D for first HH, the association was the strongest in non-insulin non-sulfonylurea users (P<0.0001); for recurrent HH, the association was stronger in insulin users than sulfonylurea users (P=0.07). The HbA1C variability-HH association was stronger in more recent years in T2D (P≤0.004). Conclusions: HbA1C variability is a strong predictor for HH in T1D and T2D.
- Author for correspondence
- Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Email for correspondence
- mayerdav@email.unc.edu
Code list: res50: sulfonylureas
101 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | drugsubstance | bnfcode | bnfchapter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10427 | CPRD_product_code | Tolazamide 250mg Tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolazamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 11284 | CPRD_product_code | Amaryl 4mg tablets (Zentiva) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 11695 | CPRD_product_code | Diamicron 30mg MR tablets (Servier Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 11946 | CPRD_product_code | Tolbutamide 50mg/ml Injection | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 12245 | CPRD_product_code | Glutril 25mg Tablet (Roche Products Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibornuride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 12259 | CPRD_product_code | Glibornuride 25mg Tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibornuride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 12455 | CPRD_product_code | Rastinon 500mg Tablet (Hoechst Marion Roussel) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 12513 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenese 5mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 1253 | CPRD_product_code | Chlorpropamide 100mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 1254 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 5mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 13331 | CPRD_product_code | Euglucon 5mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 15374 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 40mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 16602 | CPRD_product_code | Calabren 2.5mg Tablet (Berk Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 17343 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 17698 | CPRD_product_code | Minodiab 5mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 17706 | CPRD_product_code | Minodiab 2.5mg tablets (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 1847 | CPRD_product_code | Chlorpropamide 250mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 19336 | CPRD_product_code | Tolazamide 100mg Tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolazamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 1964 | CPRD_product_code | Diamicron 80mg tablets (Servier Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 1965 | CPRD_product_code | Tolbutamide 500mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 21424 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 5mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 21489 | CPRD_product_code | Tolanase 250mg Tablet (Pharmacia Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolazamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 21564 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Wockhardt UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 21832 | CPRD_product_code | Diabetamide 5mg tablets (Ashbourne Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 21892 | CPRD_product_code | Diaglyk 80mg tablets (Ashbourne Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 22145 | CPRD_product_code | Tolanase 100mg Tablet (Pharmacia Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolazamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 2219 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 2.5mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 22858 | CPRD_product_code | Acetohexamide 500mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Acetohexamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 24848 | CPRD_product_code | Glymidine sodium 500mg Tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glymidine Sodium | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 25636 | CPRD_product_code | Libanil 2.5mg Tablet (Approved Prescription Services Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 26118 | CPRD_product_code | Dimelor 500mg Tablet (Eli Lilly and Company Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Acetohexamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 26218 | CPRD_product_code | Calabren 5mg Tablet (Berk Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 27969 | CPRD_product_code | Glymese 250mg Tablet (DDSA Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 28708 | CPRD_product_code | Malix 2.5mg Tablet (Lagap) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 29326 | CPRD_product_code | Glipizide 5mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 29939 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 30460 | CPRD_product_code | Malix 5mg Tablet (Lagap) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 31212 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 31474 | CPRD_product_code | Libanil 5mg Tablet (Approved Prescription Services Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 32 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 33562 | CPRD_product_code | Duclazide 80mg Tablet (Dumex Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 33673 | CPRD_product_code | Tolbutamide 500mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34399 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34507 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 2.5mg tablets (Wockhardt UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34563 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 5mg tablets (Wockhardt UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34676 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 2.5mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34706 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 2.5mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34802 | CPRD_product_code | Glipizide 5mg tablets (IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34932 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Genus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 34957 | CPRD_product_code | Tolbutamide 500mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 36856 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Sandoz Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 37617 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 2mg tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Rosiglitazone Maleate | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 40365 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 1mg tablets (Actavis UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 40425 | CPRD_product_code | Nazdol MR 30mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 41558 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 5mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 41559 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 5mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 41593 | CPRD_product_code | Glibenclamide 2.5mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 42790 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg Tablet (Merck Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 43065 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 40mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 43465 | CPRD_product_code | Zicron 40mg tablets (Bristol Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 44304 | CPRD_product_code | Glyconon 500mg Tablet (DDSA Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 44473 | CPRD_product_code | Edicil MR 30mg tablets (Ratiopharm UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 44738 | CPRD_product_code | Niddaryl 1mg tablets (Dee Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 45215 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg Tablet (Neo Laboratories Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 45831 | CPRD_product_code | Dacadis MR 30mg tablets (Generics (UK) Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 46927 | CPRD_product_code | Tolbutamide 500mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Tolbutamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 47074 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 47894 | CPRD_product_code | Nazdol MR 30mg tablets (Consilient Health Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 48056 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Sovereign Medical Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 48120 | CPRD_product_code | Avandia 2mg Tablet (GlaxoSmithKline UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Rosiglitazone Maleate | 06010203 | Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 4862 | CPRD_product_code | Diabetamide 2.5mg tablets (Ashbourne Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 51955 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Accord Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 5276 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 1mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 5316 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 4mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 53288 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 30mg modified-release tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 5353 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 2mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 547 | CPRD_product_code | Glipizide 2.5mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 00000000 | Unknown |
| 54764 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Arrow Generics Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 55862 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide Oral solution | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 56008 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Almus Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 5627 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 30mg modified-release tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 5636 | CPRD_product_code | Glipizide 5mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glipizide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 56376 | CPRD_product_code | Rosiglitazone 4mg with glimepiride 4mg tablet | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Rosiglitazone Maleate | 06010201/06010203 | Sulphonylureas/Other Antidiabetic Drugs |
| 56437 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 60mg modified-release tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 57601 | CPRD_product_code | Daonil 5mg tablets (Dowelhurst Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 57830 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 30mg modified-release tablets (Alliance Healthcare (Distribution) Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 58882 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 120mg/5ml oral suspension | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas | |
| 60495 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 80mg tablets (Teva UK Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 61311 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 4mg tablets (Sigma Pharmaceuticals Plc) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 61957 | CPRD_product_code | Gliclazide 40mg tablets (A A H Pharmaceuticals Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 62014 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 2mg tablets (Accord Healthcare Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 62034 | CPRD_product_code | Laaglyda MR 60mg tablets (Consilient Health Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Gliclazide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 6337 | CPRD_product_code | Glimepiride 3mg tablets | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 7284 | CPRD_product_code | Amaryl 2mg tablets (Zentiva) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 7332 | CPRD_product_code | Amaryl 1mg tablets (Zentiva) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 7409 | CPRD_product_code | Amaryl 3mg tablets (Zentiva) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glimepiride | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 7744 | CPRD_product_code | Daonil 5mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 7912 | CPRD_product_code | Semi-Daonil 2.5mg tablets (Sanofi) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 8034 | CPRD_product_code | Diabinese 100mg Tablet (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 8168 | CPRD_product_code | Diabinese 250mg Tablet (Pfizer Ltd) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Chlorpropamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
| 8976 | CPRD_product_code | Euglucon 2.5mg tablets (Aventis Pharma) | drug | res50: sulfonylureas | Glibenclamide | 06010201 | Sulphonylureas |
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