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Research article:
Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups
Reference:
Alison K. Wright, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Richard Emsley, Iain Buchan, Naveed Sattar, Martin K. Rutter, Darren M. Ashcroft(2017) Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups. Diabetes Care, doi: 10.2337/dc16-1616
- Link to article
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study 1) investigated life expectancy and cause-specific mortality rates associated with type 2 diabetes and 2) quantified these relationships in ethnic subgroups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 383 general practices in England with linked hospitalization and mortality records. A total of 187,968 patients with incident type 2 diabetes from 1998 to 2015 were matched to 908,016 control subjects. Abridged life tables estimated years of life lost, and a competing risk survival model quantified cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS A total of 40,286 deaths occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes. At age 40, white men with diabetes lost 5 years of life and white women lost 6 years compared with those without diabetes. A loss of between 1 and 2 years was observed for South Asians and blacks with diabetes. At age older than 65 years, South Asians with diabetes had up to 1.1 years’ longer life expectancy than South Asians without diabetes. Compared with whites with diabetes, South Asians with diabetes had lower adjusted risks for mortality from cardiovascular (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.75, 0.89), cancer (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.36, 0.51), and respiratory diseases (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48, 0.76). A similar pattern was observed in blacks with diabetes compared with whites with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was associated with more years of life lost among whites than among South Asians or blacks, with older South Asians experiencing longer life expectancy compared with South Asians without diabetes. The findings support optimized cardiovascular disease risk factor management, especially in whites with type 2 diabetes.
- Author for correspondence
- Darren M. Ashcroft
- Email for correspondence
- darren.ashcroft@manchester.ac.uk.
Code list: res56: Type 1 Diabetes
103 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C100011 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108.00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108000 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108011 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108012 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108100 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108.11 | Read | IDDM-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108112 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108.12 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108.13 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108200 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neurological comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108211 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108212 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108300 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple complicatn | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108311 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108411 | Read | Unstable type I diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108412 | Read | Unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108500 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108511 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108512 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108600 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108700 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108711 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108712 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108800 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108811 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108812 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108911 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus maturity onset | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108A00 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108A11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108B00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108B11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108C00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108D00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108D11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108E00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108E11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108E12 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108F00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108F11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108F12 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108G00 | Read | Insulin dependent diab mell with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108H00 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108H11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108J00 | Read | Insulin dependent diab mell with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108J11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C108J12 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E.00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E000 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E011 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E012 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E100 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E.11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E111 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E112 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E.12 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E200 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E212 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neurological comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E300 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E311 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E312 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple complicat | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E400 | Read | Unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E411 | Read | Unstable type I diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E412 | Read | Unstable insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E500 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E511 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E512 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E600 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E611 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E612 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E700 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E711 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E712 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E800 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E811 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10E812 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EA00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EA11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EA12 | Read | Insulin-dependent diabetes without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EB00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EC00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EC11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EC12 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10ED00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10ED12 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EE00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EE12 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EF00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EF12 | Read | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EG00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EH00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EJ00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EK00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with persistent proteinuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EL00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with persistent microalbuminuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EL11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with persistent microalbuminuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EM00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EM11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EN00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidotic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EN11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with ketoacidotic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EP00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with exudative maculopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EP11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with exudative maculopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EQ00 | Read | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with gastroparesis | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes | |||
| C10EQ11 | Read | Type I diabetes mellitus with gastroparesis | diagnostic | res56: Type 1 Diabetes |
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