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Research article:
Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups
Reference:
Alison K. Wright, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Richard Emsley, Iain Buchan, Naveed Sattar, Martin K. Rutter, Darren M. Ashcroft(2017) Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups. Diabetes Care, doi: 10.2337/dc16-1616
- Link to article
- Abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study 1) investigated life expectancy and cause-specific mortality rates associated with type 2 diabetes and 2) quantified these relationships in ethnic subgroups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 383 general practices in England with linked hospitalization and mortality records. A total of 187,968 patients with incident type 2 diabetes from 1998 to 2015 were matched to 908,016 control subjects. Abridged life tables estimated years of life lost, and a competing risk survival model quantified cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS A total of 40,286 deaths occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes. At age 40, white men with diabetes lost 5 years of life and white women lost 6 years compared with those without diabetes. A loss of between 1 and 2 years was observed for South Asians and blacks with diabetes. At age older than 65 years, South Asians with diabetes had up to 1.1 years’ longer life expectancy than South Asians without diabetes. Compared with whites with diabetes, South Asians with diabetes had lower adjusted risks for mortality from cardiovascular (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.75, 0.89), cancer (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.36, 0.51), and respiratory diseases (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48, 0.76). A similar pattern was observed in blacks with diabetes compared with whites with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was associated with more years of life lost among whites than among South Asians or blacks, with older South Asians experiencing longer life expectancy compared with South Asians without diabetes. The findings support optimized cardiovascular disease risk factor management, especially in whites with type 2 diabetes.
- Author for correspondence
- Darren M. Ashcroft
- Email for correspondence
- darren.ashcroft@manchester.ac.uk.
Code list: res56: Type 2 Diabetes
105 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C100112 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C103y00 | Read | Other specified diabetes mellitus with coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109.00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109000 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with renal comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109011 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109012 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109100 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with ophthalm comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109.11 | Read | NIDDM - Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109111 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109112 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109.12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109.13 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109200 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with neuro comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109211 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109212 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109300 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple comps | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109312 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109400 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109411 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109412 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109500 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109511 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109512 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109600 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109611 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109612 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109700 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109711 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109712 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109900 | Read | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109911 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109912 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109A00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109A11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109B00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109B11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109B12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109C00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109C11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109C12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109D00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with hypoglyca coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109D11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109D12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109E00 | Read | Non-insulin depend diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109E11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109E12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109F11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109F12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109G00 | Read | Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109G11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109G12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109H11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109H12 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109J00 | Read | Insulin treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109J11 | Read | Insulin treated non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109J12 | Read | Insulin treated Type II diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C109K00 | Read | Hyperosmolar non-ketotic state in type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F.00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F000 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F011 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with renal complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F100 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F.11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F111 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F200 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F211 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with neurological complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F300 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F311 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with multiple complications | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F400 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F411 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with ulcer | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F500 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F511 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with gangrene | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F600 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F611 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with retinopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F700 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F711 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus - poor control | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F900 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10F911 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus without complication | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FA00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FA11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with mononeuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FB00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FB11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with polyneuropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FC00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FC11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with nephropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FD00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FD11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FE00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FE11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FF00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FF11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with peripheral angiopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FG11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FH00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FH11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with neuropathic arthropathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FJ00 | Read | Insulin treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FJ11 | Read | Insulin treated Type II diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FK00 | Read | Hyperosmolar non-ketotic state in type 2 diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FK11 | Read | Hyperosmolar non-ketotic state in type II diabetes mellitus | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FL00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with persistent proteinuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FL11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with persistent proteinuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FM00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with persistent microalbuminuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FM11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with persistent microalbuminuria | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FN00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FN11 | Read | Type II diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FP00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ketoacidotic coma | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FQ00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with exudative maculopathy | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes | |||
| C10FR00 | Read | Type 2 diabetes mellitus with gastroparesis | diagnostic | res56: Type 2 Diabetes |
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