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Research article:
Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework
Reference:
Doran, Tim; Kontopantelis, Evangelos; Valderas, Jose M; Campbell, Stephen; Roland, Martin; Salisbury, Chris; Reeves, David(2011) Effect of financial incentives on incentivised and non-incentivised clinical activities: longitudinal analysis of data from the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework. British Medical Journal, doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3590
- Link to fulltext article
- Abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether the incentive scheme for UK general practitioners led them to neglect activities not included in the scheme. Design: Longitudinal analysis of achievement rates for 42 activities (23 included in incentive scheme, 19 not included) selected from 428 identified indicators of quality of care. Setting: 148 general practices in England (653 500 patients). Main outcome measures: Achievement rates projected from trends in the pre-incentive period (2000-1 to 2002-3) and actual rates in the first three years of the scheme (2004-5 to 2006-7). Results: Achievement rates improved for most indicators in the pre-incentive period. There were significant increases in the rate of improvement in the first year of the incentive scheme (2004-5) for 22 of the 23 incentivised indicators. Achievement for these indicators reached a plateau after 2004-5, but quality of care in 2006-7 remained higher than that predicted by pre-incentive trends for 14 incentivised indicators. There was no overall effect on the rate of improvement for non-incentivised indicators in the first year of the scheme, but by 2006-7 achievement rates were significantly below those predicted by pre-incentive trends. Conclusions: There were substantial improvements in quality for all indicators between 2001 and 2007. Improvements associated with financial incentives seem to have been achieved at the expense of small detrimental effects on aspects of care that were not incentivised.
- Author for correspondence
- Tim Doran
- Email for correspondence
- tim.doran@york.ac.uk
Code list: hypothyroidism
38 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | QOF | analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C03..00 | Read | Congenital hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C03y.00 | Read | Other specified congenital hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C03y000 | Read | Congenital hypothyroidism with diffuse goitre | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C03y100 | Read | Congenital hypothyroidism without goitre | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C03z.00 | Read | Congenital hypothyroidism NOS | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04..00 | Read | Acquired hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C040.00 | Read | Postsurgical hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C040.11 | Read | Post ablative hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C041.00 | Read | Other postablative hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C041000 | Read | Irradiation hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04..11 | Read | Myxoedema | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04..12 | Read | Thyroid deficiency | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04..13 | Read | Hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C041z00 | Read | Postablative hypothyroidism NOS | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C042.00 | Read | Iodine hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C043.00 | Read | Other iatrogenic hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C043000 | Read | Hypothyroidism resulting from para-aminosalicylic acid | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C043100 | Read | Hypothyroidism resulting from phenylbutazone | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C043200 | Read | Hypothyroidism resulting from resorcinol | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C043z00 | Read | Iatrogenic hypothyroidism NOS | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C044.00 | Read | Postinfectious hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C045.00 | Read | Acquired atrophy of thyroid | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C046.00 | Read | Autoimmune myxoedema | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04y.00 | Read | Other acquired hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z.00 | Read | Hypothyroidism NOS | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z000 | Read | Premature puberty due to hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z100 | Read | Myxoedema coma | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z.11 | Read | Pretibial myxoedema - hypothyroid | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z.12 | Read | Thyroid insufficiency | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| C04z.13 | Read | Hypothyroid goitre; acquired | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| Cyu1100 | Read | [X]Other sp cified hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| F381400 | Read | Myasthenic syndrome due to hypothyroidism | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 0 | Sensitivity | |
| f921.00 | Read | THYROXINE | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| f922.00 | Read | THYROXINE tabs 50micrograms | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| f923.00 | Read | THYROXINE tabs 100micrograms | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| 243 | OXMIS | HYPOTHYROIDISM CONGENITAL | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| 244 AC | OXMIS | HYPOTHYROIDISM ACQUIRED | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main | |
| 244 AG | OXMIS | HYPOTHYROIDISM COMPENSATED | diagnostic | hypothyroidism | 1 | Main |
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