ClinicalCodes.org
An online clinical codes repository to improve validity and reproducibility of medical database research
Research article:
Antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK general practice: variability and drivers
Reference:
Victoria Palin, Anna Mölter, Miguel Belmonte, Darren Ashcroft, Andrew White, William Welfare, Tjeerd van Staa(2018) Antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK general practice: variability and drivers. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, doi:
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Objectives: To examine variations across general practices and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK primary care to identify potential targets for improvement and optimisation of prescribing. Methods: Oral antibiotics prescribing for common infections were analysed using anonymised UK primary care electronic health records between 2000 and 2015 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The rate of prescribing for each condition was observed over time and the correlation of prescribing between each condition estimated within a practice. Drivers of prescribing were estimated using logistic regression in a matched patient cohort (1:1 by age, sex and date). Results: Over 8 million patient records were examined in 587 general practices in the UK. Practices varied considerably in their propensity to prescribe antibiotics and this variance increased over time (except in cases of urinary tract infection (UTI)). Change points in prescribing did not reflect updates to national guidelines and prescribing for different infectious conditions varied within practices. A previous history of antibiotic use significantly increased the risk of receiving a subsequent antibiotic (by 22-48% for patients with ≥ 3 antibiotic prescriptions in the past 12 months), as did higher BMI, history of smoking and flu vaccinations. Other drivers for receiving an antibiotic varied considerably for each condition. Conclusions: Large variability in antibiotic prescribing between practices was observed. Prescribing guidelines alone do not positively influence a change in prescribing, suggesting more targeted interventions are required to optimise antibiotic prescribing in the UK.
- Author for correspondence
- Victoria Palin
- Email for correspondence
- victoria.palin@manchester.ac.uk
Code list: res70: URTI
40 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H0...00 | Read | Acute respiratory infections | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H04..00 | Read | Acute laryngitis and tracheitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040.00 | Read | Acute laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040000 | Read | Acute oedematous laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040100 | Read | Acute ulcerative laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040200 | Read | Acute catarrhal laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040300 | Read | Acute phlegmonous laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040600 | Read | Acute suppurative laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040x00 | Read | Acute bacterial laryngitis unspecified | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H040z00 | Read | Acute laryngitis NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H041.00 | Read | Acute tracheitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H041000 | Read | Acute tracheitis without obstruction | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H041100 | Read | Acute tracheitis with obstruction | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H041z00 | Read | Acute tracheitis NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H042.00 | Read | Acute laryngotracheitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H042000 | Read | Acute laryngotracheitis without obstruction | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H042100 | Read | Acute laryngotracheitis with obstruction | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H042.11 | Read | Laryngotracheitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H042z00 | Read | Acute laryngotracheitis NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H043.00 | Read | Acute epiglottitis (non strep) | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H043000 | Read | Acute epiglottitis without obstruction | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H043200 | Read | Acute obstructive laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H043z00 | Read | Acute epiglottitis NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H04z.00 | Read | Acute laryngitis and tracheitis NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H05..00 | Read | Other acute upper respiratory infections | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H050.00 | Read | Acute laryngopharyngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H051.00 | Read | Acute upper respiratory tract infection | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H052.00 | Read | Pharyngotracheitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H053.00 | Read | Tracheopharyngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H054.00 | Read | Recurrent upper respiratory tract infection | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H055.00 | Read | Pharyngolaryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H05y.00 | Read | Other upper respiratory infections of multiple sites | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H05z.00 | Read | Upper respiratory infection NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H05z.11 | Read | Upper respiratory tract infection NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H0y..00 | Read | Other specified acute respiratory infections | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H0z..00 | Read | Acute respiratory infection NOS | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| H160100 | Read | Chronic catarrhal laryngitis | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| Hyu0.00 | Read | [X]Acute upper respiratory infections | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| Hyu0100 | Read | [X]Acute pharyngitis due to other specified organisms | diagnostic | res70: URTI | |||
| Hyu0200 | Read | [X]Acute tonsillitis due to other specified organisms | diagnostic | res70: URTI |
Please log in to leave a comment.
Code list links:
ClinicalCodes is a project at the University of Manchester Institute of Population Health
The ClinicalCodes project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research (SPCR)