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Research article:
Are symptoms of insomnia in primary care associated with subsequent onset of dementia? A matched retrospective case-control study
Reference:
Richard Hoile, Naji Tabet, Helen Smith, Stephen Bremner, Jackie Cassell, Elizabeth Ford(2019) Are symptoms of insomnia in primary care associated with subsequent onset of dementia? A matched retrospective case-control study. , doi:
- Link to article
- Abstract
- Objective There is evidence from neuroimaging studies of an association between insomnia and early dementia biomarkers, but observational studies have so far failed to show a clear association between insomnia and the later development of dementia. We investigated the association between dementia diagnosis and recording of insomnia symptoms 5-10 years earlier in primary care. Method A case-control study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. 15,209 cases with dementia (either Alzheimer’s, vascular, mixed or non-specific subtypes) at least 65 years old at time of diagnosis, were matched with the same number of controls on year of birth and gender. We ascertained the presence of insomnia symptoms during a five-year period starting 10 years before the index date. Odds ratios for developing dementia were estimated using logistic regression after controlling for hypnotic exposure and physical and mental health comorbidities. Results The adjusted odds ratio for dementia in those with previous insomnia was 1.34 (95% CI = 1.20 to 1.50). Conclusion There is an association between dementia and previous insomnia. It may be possible to incorporate insomnia into predictive tools for dementia.
- Author for correspondence
- Richard Hoile
- Email for correspondence
- richard.hoile@sussexpartnership.nhs.uk
Code list: res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012
105 codes in list
| Code | Coding system | Description | Entity type | List name | qof code | conservative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14A7.00 | Read | H/O: CVA/stroke | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 14A7.12 | Read | H/O: stroke | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 14AB.00 | Read | H/O: TIA | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 14AK.00 | Read | H/O: Stroke in last year | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 662e.00 | Read | Stroke/CVA annual review | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 662M.00 | Read | Stroke monitoring | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 662o.00 | Read | Haemorrhagic stroke monitoring | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 7P24200 | Read | Delivery of rehabilitation for stroke | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 8HBJ.00 | Read | Stroke / transient ischaemic attack referral | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 8HHM.00 | Read | Ref to multidisciplinary stroke function improvement service | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 8HTQ.00 | Read | Referral to stroke clinic | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 9N0p.00 | Read | Seen in stroke clinic | test | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| F423600 | Read | Amaurosis fugax | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | no | |
| G61..00 | Read | Intracerebral haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G610.00 | Read | Cortical haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G611.00 | Read | Internal capsule haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61..11 | Read | CVA - cerebrovascular accid due to intracerebral haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61..12 | Read | Stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G612.00 | Read | Basal nucleus haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G613.00 | Read | Cerebellar haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G614.00 | Read | Pontine haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G615.00 | Read | Bulbar haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G616.00 | Read | External capsule haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G618.00 | Read | Intracerebral haemorrhage, multiple localized | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61X.00 | Read | Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61X000 | Read | Left sided intracerebral haemorrhage, unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61X100 | Read | Right sided intracerebral haemorrhage, unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G61z.00 | Read | Intracerebral haemorrhage NOS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G63y000 | Read | Cerebral infarct due to thrombosis of precerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G63y100 | Read | Cerebral infarction due to embolism of precerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64..00 | Read | Cerebral arterial occlusion | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G640.00 | Read | Cerebral thrombosis | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G640000 | Read | Cerebral infarction due to thrombosis of cerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G641.00 | Read | Cerebral embolism | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G641000 | Read | Cerebral infarction due to embolism of cerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64..11 | Read | CVA - cerebral artery occlusion | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G641.11 | Read | Cerebral embolus | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64..12 | Read | Infarction - cerebral | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64..13 | Read | Stroke due to cerebral arterial occlusion | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z.00 | Read | Cerebral infarction NOS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z000 | Read | Brainstem infarction | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z100 | Read | Wallenberg syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z.11 | Read | Brainstem infarction NOS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z111 | Read | Lateral medullary syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z.12 | Read | Cerebellar infarction | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z200 | Read | Left sided cerebral infarction | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z300 | Read | Right sided cerebral infarction | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G64z400 | Read | Infarction of basal ganglia | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65..00 | Read | Transient cerebral ischaemia | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G650.00 | Read | Basilar artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G650.11 | Read | Insufficiency - basilar artery | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G651.00 | Read | Vertebral artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G651000 | Read | Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65..11 | Read | Drop attack | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65..12 | Read | Transient ischaemic attack | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65..13 | Read | Vertebro-basilar insufficiency | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G652.00 | Read | Subclavian steal syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G653.00 | Read | Carotid artery syndrome hemispheric | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G654.00 | Read | Multiple and bilateral precerebral artery syndromes | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G656.00 | Read | Vertebrobasilar insufficiency | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65y.00 | Read | Other transient cerebral ischaemia | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65z.00 | Read | Transient cerebral ischaemia NOS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65z000 | Read | Impending cerebral ischaemia | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65z100 | Read | Intermittent cerebral ischaemia | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G65zz00 | Read | Transient cerebral ischaemia NOS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G66..00 | Read | Stroke and cerebrovascular accident unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G660.00 | Read | Middle cerebral artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G661.00 | Read | Anterior cerebral artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G66..11 | Read | CVA unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G66..12 | Read | Stroke unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G66..13 | Read | CVA - Cerebrovascular accident unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G662.00 | Read | Posterior cerebral artery syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G663.00 | Read | Brain stem stroke syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G664.00 | Read | Cerebellar stroke syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G665.00 | Read | Pure motor lacunar syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G666.00 | Read | Pure sensory lacunar syndrome | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G667.00 | Read | Left sided CVA | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G668.00 | Read | Right sided CVA | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G68X.00 | Read | Sequelae of stroke,not specfd as h'morrhage or infarction | symptom | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| G6W..00 | Read | Cereb infarct due unsp occlus/stenos precerebr arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| G6X..00 | Read | Cerebrl infarctn due/unspcf occlusn or sten/cerebrl artrs | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6200 | Read | [X]Other intracerebral haemorrhage | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6300 | Read | [X]Cerebrl infarctn due/unspcf occlusn or sten/cerebrl artrs | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6400 | Read | [X]Other cerebral infarction | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6500 | Read | [X]Occlusion and stenosis of other precerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6600 | Read | [X]Occlusion and stenosis of other cerebral arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| Gyu6C00 | Read | [X]Sequelae of stroke,not specfd as h'morrhage or infarction | symptom | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| Gyu6D00 | Read | [X]Sequelae/other + unspecified cerebrovascular diseases | symptom | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| Gyu6F00 | Read | [X]Intracerebral haemorrhage in hemisphere, unspecified | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | no | |
| Gyu6G00 | Read | [X]Cereb infarct due unsp occlus/stenos precerebr arteries | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | yes | |
| L440.11 | Read | CVA - cerebrovascular accident in the puerperium | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| L440.12 | Read | Stroke in the puerperium | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| ZV12511 | Read | [V]Personal history of stroke | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| ZV12512 | Read | [V]Personal history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 4350AT | OXMIS | TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACKS WITH HYPERTE | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4359AT | OXMIS | TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACKS | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4360A | OXMIS | CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT WITH HYPERTENSI | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4360B | OXMIS | STROKE WITH HYPERTENSION | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4369A | OXMIS | CVA (CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT) | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4369AL | OXMIS | CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT LEFT | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4369AR | OXMIS | CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT RIGHT | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4369B | OXMIS | STROKE | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4369BN | OXMIS | SYNDROME STROKE | diagnostic | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | yes | ||
| 4389PN | OXMIS | SYNDROME POSTSTROKE | symptom | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no | ||
| 4389PP | OXMIS | POSTSTROKE PARALYSIS | symptom | res43: stroke_kontopantelis_bmjqs2012 | no |
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